Museum
She was named as the official state ship of Connecticut in 1983.[19] Sony VAIO VPCCW26EC Battery
Following an extensive conversion at Mare Island Naval Shipyard, Nautilus was towed back to Groton, Connecticut arriving on 6 July 1985. On April 11, 1986, Nautilusopened to the public as part of the U.S. Navy Submarine Force Library and Museum.[9]
Nautilus now serves as a museum of submarine history, after undergoing a five-month preservation in 2002, Sony VAIO VPCCW26FX/B Battery
at the Electric Boat division of General Dynamics, at a cost of approximately $4.7 million ($6.07 million in present-day terms[20]). The historic ship Nautilus attracts some 250,000 visitors annually to her present berth near the Naval Submarine Base New London. Sony VAIO VPCCW28EC Battery
Nautilus celebrated the 50th anniversary of her commissioning on 30 September 2004 with a ceremony that included a speech from Vice Admiral Eugene P Wilkinson, the first Commanding Officer of Nautilus, and a designation of the ship as anAmerican Nuclear Society National Nuclear Landmark. Sony VAIO VPCCW28FJ/P Battery
Visitors may tour the forward two compartments, with guidance from an automated system. Despite similar alterations to exhibit the engineering spaces, tours aft of the control room are not permitted due to safety and security concerns.
The Nautilus is the subject of an episode of the syndicated television anthology series, The Silent Service, which aired during the 1957-1958 season. Sony VAIO VPCCW28FJ/R Battery
USS Triton (SSRN/SSN-586), a United States Navy nuclear-powered radar picket submarine, was the first vessel to execute a submerged circumnavigation of the Earth (Operation Sandblast), doing so in early 1960. Tritonaccomplished this objective during her shakedown cruise while under the command of Captain Edward L. Sony VAIO VPCCW28FJ/W Battery
"Ned" Beach, Jr. The only member of her class, she also had the distinction of being the only Western submarine powered by two nuclear reactors.
Triton was the second submarine and the fifth ship of the United States Navy to be named for the Greek god Triton. Sony VAIO VPCCW29FJ/W Battery
At the time of her commissioning in 1959, Triton was the largest, most powerful, and most expensive submarine ever built, at $109 million excluding the cost of nuclear fuel and reactors ($869 million in present-day terms[2]).
After operating for only two years in her designed role, Triton's role as a radar picket submarine Sony VAIO VPCCW2AFJ Battery
was made obsolete by the introduction of the carrier-based Grumman WF-2 Tracer airborne early warning aircraft. Converted to an attack submarine in 1962, she became the flagship for the Commander Submarine Forces U.S. Atlantic Fleet(COMSUBLANT) in 1964. She was decommissioned in 1969, the first U.S. nuclear submarine to be taken out of service. Sony VAIO VPCCW2AHJ Battery
Triton's hull was moored at the St. Julien's Creek Annex of Norfolk Naval Shipyard in Portsmouth, Virginia as part of the reserve fleet until 1993, though she was struck from the Naval Vessel Register in 1986. In 1993, she was towed to Puget Sound Naval Shipyard to await the Nuclear Powered Ship and Submarine Recycling Program. Sony VAIO VPCCW2S1E Battery
The formerTriton landed on the keel resting blocks in the drydock basin on 1 October 2007 to begin this recycling process which was completed effective 30 November 2009.
Triton is considered a first-generation U.S. nuclear-powered submarine, along with Nautilus, Seawolf, Halibut, and Skate (and her sisters).[3] Sony VAIO VPCCW2S1E/B Battery
While serving as fully operational units of the U.S. Navy, the vessels also played key developmental roles.[4] Nautilus introduced the use of nuclear power for ship propulsion.[5] Sony VAIO VPCCW2S1E/L Battery
Seawolf utilized a liquid-metal nuclear reactor using liquid sodium as an alternative heat exchange medium to pressurized water.[6] Halibutwas the first nuclear-powered submarine to perform a strategic nuclear deterrence patrol armed with Regulus cruise missiles.[7] The Skates were the first nuclear-powered submarine class with more than one ship built.[8] Sony VAIO VPCCW2S1E/P Battery
Triton's unique contribution to the development of nuclear power for naval propulsion was her dual reactor plant, which provided the speed required for radar picket missions.[9]
Radar picket submarines (Navy classification "SSR") were developed during the post-war period to provide intelligence information, Sony VAIO VPCCW2S1E/R Battery
electronic surveillance, and fighter aircraft interception control for forward-deployed naval forces. Unlike destroyers used as radar picket ships during World War Two, these submarines could avoid attack by submerging if detected. The U.S. Navy's Migraine program involved converting existing fleet submarines into radar picket vessels, Sony VAIO VPCCW2S1E/W Battery
and the Navy also ordered two purpose-built diesel-electric SSRs, Sailfish and Salmon. However, these were incapable of sustaining the high submerged speeds necessary to operate with fast carrier task forces and therefore unsuitable to the task.[10]Sony VAIO VPCCW2S5C CN1 Battery
Nuclear power offered the only possible solution. Triton was designed in the mid-1950s as a radar picket submarine capable of operating at high speed, on the surface, in advance of an aircraft carrier task force. Triton's high speed came from her twin-reactor nuclear propulsion plant, with a designed speed, surfaced and submerged, of 28 kn (32 mph; 52 km/h). Sony VAIO VPCF112FX/B Battery
On 27 September 1959, Triton achieved "well in excess of" 30 kn (35 mph; 56 km/h) during her initial sea trials.[11][12]
Triton was the only non-Soviet submarine designed with a two-reactor propulsion plant. Her S4G reactors were seagoing versions of the land-based S3G reactor prototype. Sony VAIO VPCF115FG/B Battery
Both reactors comprised the Submarine Advanced Reactor (SAR) program, a joint venture between the U.S. Navy, Atomic Energy Commission (AEC), and General Electric.[13][14][15][16] As originally designed, Triton's total reactor output was rated at 34,000 horsepower (25,000 kW). However, Sony VAIO VPCF116FGBI Battery
Triton achieved 45,000 horsepower (34,000 kW) during her sea trials, and her first commanding officer, Captain Edward L. Beach, Jr., believed Triton's plant could have reached 60,000 horsepower (45,000 kW) "had that been necessary."
The number one reactor, located forward, supplied steam to the forward engineering room and the starboard propeller shaft.Sony VAIO VPCF117FJ/W Battery
The number two reactor, located aft, supplied steam to the after engineering room and the port propeller shaft. Each reactor could individually supply steam for the entire ship, or the reactors could be cross-connected as required.[17] It is this enhanced reliability, redundancy, and dependability of its dual-reactor plant that was a key factor in the selection of Triton to undertake the first submerged circumnavigation of the world.[18] Sony VAIO VPCF117HG/BI Battery
Triton's dual-reactor plant met a number of operational and engineering objectives, specifically the high speed requirement to meet its radar picket mission, which continues to be sources of speculation and controversy to this day. During the early 1950s, many engineers at Naval Reactors branch of the U.S. Sony VAIO VPCF118FJ/W Battery
Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) were concerned about depending on single-reactor plants for submarine operations, particularly involving under-the-ice Arctic missions.[19] The presence of two de-aerating feed tanks, which are used only on surface warships, suggested that Triton's twin-reactor plant may have served as a testbed for future multi-reactor surface warships.[20][21] Sony VAIO VPCF119FC Battery
The SAR program was the first production naval reactor developed by General Electric for the U.S. Navy, and GE used this SAR experience for the High Power Reactor (HPR) program that led to the development of theD1G and D2G naval reactors used on the Bainbridge, Truxtun, California, and Virginia classes of nuclear-powered surface ships.[22][23] Sony VAIO VPCF119FC/BI Battery
Finally, the U.S. Navy was debating the best approach to optimize performance, particularly underwater speed, for its nuclear submarine fleet. Triton achieved high speeds through brute horsepower, rather than the more hydrodynamically efficient teardrop-shaped hull form pioneered by Albacorewhich, when combined with nuclear power, allowed Skipjack to achieve higher speed with less horsepower.[16] Sony VAIO VPCF119FJ/BI Battery
To meet her radar picket role, Triton's main air search radar initially used the AN/SPS-26, the U.S. Navy's first electronically scanned, three-dimensional search radar which was laboratory tested in 1953. The first set was installed onboard the destroyer leader Norfolk prior to its installation onboard the Tritonin 1959.[24] Sony VAIO VPCF11AFJ Battery
Since it was scanned electronically in elevation, the AN/SPS-26 set did not need a separate height-finding radar. A submarine version of SPS-26, designated BPS-10, was under development, and it was slated for installation on the Triton. To process its radar, electronic, and air traffic data, Sony VAIO VPCF11AGJ Battery
Triton had a Combat Information Center (CIC) located in a separate air control compartment, situated between Triton's reactor and operations compartments.
Design work on a nuclear-powered radar picket submarine (SSRN) began in 1954–1955.[22] As initially designed, Sony VAIO VPCF11AHJ Battery
it had a three-level hull, with its Combat Intelligence Center (CIC) located on the middle level.[22] Its overall length was initially 400 feet (120 m), with a beam of 38 feet (12 m).[22] Also as initially designed, its displacement was 4800 tons surfaced and 6500 tons submerged.[22] Sony VAIO VPCF11JFX/B Battery
January 1955 performance estimates called for the SAR propulsion plant to produce 34,000 shaft horsepower, with a surfaced speed of 27 kn (31 mph; 50 km/h)) and a submerged speed of 23 kn (26 mph; 43 km/h).[22] Triton initially had the same dual radar system installed on the non-nuclear Sailfish-class radar picket submarines Sony VAIO VPCF11M1E Battery
(i.e., BPS-2 search radar and BPS-3 height-finder set) housed in a large, stepped sail (see image).[22] Construction cost was initially estimated at $78,000,000.[22] Subsequent growth of the SAR propulsion plant necessitated the overall increase in Triton's length and tonnage, although without any loss in speed, while the installation of the AN/SPS-26 3-D search radar allowed the elimination of a separate height-finder.[26] Sony VAIO VPCF11M1E/H Battery
Triton was to be the lead ship of a proposed class of nuclear-powered radar picket submarines. A December 1955 long-range naval planning report envisioned five carrier strike groups, each supported by two radar picket submarines. The total force included two non-nuclear Sailfish class submarines and eight nuclear submarines. Sony VAIO VPCF11MFX/B Battery
With construction costs for Triton escalating, this long-range requirement was revised in 1957 to provide four nuclear-powered radar picket submarines for a single nuclear-powered carrier group, with the four remaining conventionally powered carrier groups supported by two diesel-electric radar picket submarines each. Sony VAIO VPCF11S1E Battery
At the time of her construction, Triton was the largest submarine ever built. Her knife-like bow, with its bulbous forefoot, provided improved surfaced sea-keeping for her radar picket role. Her surface sea-keeping was further enhanced by high reserve buoyancy (30%), provided by 22 ballast tanks, the most ever in an American submarine.[11] Sony VAIO VPCF11S1E/B Battery
She was the last submarine to have a conning tower, as well as the last American submarine to have twin screws or a stern torpedo room. Her sail was the largest ever aboard an American submarine, measuring 70 feet (21 m) long, 24 feet (7.3 m) tall, and 12 feet (3.7 m) wide, Sony VAIO VPCF11Z1E Battery
and designed to house the large AN/SPS-26 3-D air-search radar antenna when not in use. She also had a compartment solely for crew berthing, with 96 bunks, and two separate chief petty officers' (CPOs') quarters.[28] With an overall length of 447.5 feet (136.4 m), Triton was the longest submarine ever built for the United States Navy until Ohio in 1979. Sony VAIO VPCF11Z1E/BI Battery
No comments:
Post a Comment