The Gertrude Contemporary Art Spaces

The Gertrude Contemporary Art Spaces and theCentre for Contemporary Photography, both based in Fitzroy, are examples of galleries in the inner-city. Suburban venues also exist, such as Heidelberg's Heide Museum of Modern Art, located in the north-eastern region of the city. The Art Almanacwebsite, promoting itself as "Australia's Monthly Briefing on Art",Toshiba Satellite L500-208 CPU Fan publishes a monthly list of activities for Melbourne's galleries and art services, in addition to the other Australian states, covering more than 550 art galleries throughout the entire nation; the organisation also publishes a hard copy almanac each month.^[27][28] Melbourne is home to a large array of public artworks, statues and sculptures. SHP 535441-001 CPU Fan culptors such as Deborah Halpern have played a large part in enhancing many of the city's public spaces with their iconic and larger-than-life works. In more modern times, the city has become well known for stencil graffiti,^[29] public artthat appears in the city's numerous laneways.^[30] The city has major film festivals including the Melbourne International Film Festival, Toshiba Satellite P100-444 CPU Fan Melbourne Queer Film Festival, Melbourne Underground Film Festival andMelbourne International Animation Festival, featuring several of the city's major cinemas. The Central City Studios in Melbourne Docklands, constructed in 2005, has seen the production of several big budget films.^[ Melbourne is also known for fashion. The city, once a leader in the textile industry,^[ retains a small manufacturing base, but has diversified into the more creative areas of the fashion industry.^[31] HP Pavilion dv7-3114eo CPU Fan The Melbourne Fashion Festival is one of the city's annual events, while the Melbourne Spring Racing Carnival, the Logies and the Brownlow Medal dinner are three of the biggest annual red carpet events in the country.^[ Street Art in Melbourne is internationally recognised,^[32] and the city hosted the world's first street art festival. International artists, such as Banksy, have painted work in Melbourne. HP Mini 110-1125SA CPU Fan There is a greater number of bookshops per capita in Melbourne than any other Australian city.^[34] In August 2008, Melbourne was designated as a City of Literature in UNESCO's Creative Cities Network program, recognising the role literature plays in the cultural life of Melbourne through its festivals, libraries, bookshops, publishing and other literary events and activities.^[35] HP KSB06105HA CPU Fan The Melbourne Writers Festival plays a significant role in establishing Melbourne's credence as a city which promotes and respects literature.The Wheeler Centre a literary and publishing centre housed in the southern wing of the State Library of Victoria opened in February 2010.^[36] Fergus Hume's The Mystery of a Hansom Cab (1886), set in boom time Melbourne, remains a classic of crime fiction. Compaq Presario CQ60-210eo CPU Fan Hume gathered material for the novel during sojourns in Melbourne's slums and Little Bourke Street.^[37] Despite Melbourne's strong literary tradition, there are no Melbourne suburbs named after writers. There was a campaign in 2009 to name a new suburb after John Shaw Neilson. Melbourne has one of the most highly regarded live music scenes in the world. HP Pavilion dv7-2250sf CPU Fan In terms of the quality and number of venues, arguably, it is comparable with cities such as Austin. Hundreds of venues throughout Melbourne host live music, some of which host live music every night of the week. Operatic soprano Dame Nellie Melba, one of the late Victorian Era's most famous singers, took her name from her native Melbourne. HP 434678-001 CPU Fan In 1934 Clement Williams recorded Let’s Take a Trip to Melbourne, written by Jack O'Hagan.^[39] Singer Paul Kelly has written several well-known songs about aspects of the city close to the heart of many Melburnians, notably "Leaps And Bounds" and "From St Kilda to King's Cross", while Skyhooks also wrote some more tongue-in-cheek songs about Melbourne. HP G60-230us CPU Fan "Balwyn Calling", "Carlton (Lygon Street Limbo)" and "Toorak Cowboy" are examples. Melbourne-originated indie-rock band The Living End wrote the song "West End Riot" about differences between eastern and western suburbs in Melbourne's inner city. Melbourne's independent music scene flourished in the late 1970s with strong support from local venues, street press, community radio (such as PBS, 3RRR, 3CR) and an abundance of independent record labels. HP Pavilion dv6365us CPU Fan The city's inner suburbs were home to several distinctpost-punk scenes that each shared a DIY ethic and passion for experimentation.^[40] Led by the Primitive Calculators and Ollie Olsen's Whirlywirld, the Fitzroy-based Little Band scene gave rise to Hunters & Collectors, and Lisa Gerrard of Dead Can Dance. InClifton Hill, an underground arts space known as "The Organ Factory" facilitated collaborations between conceptual composers, HP 535439-001 CPU Fan such as David Chesworth and Philip Brophy, and experimental punk outfits, namely Tsk Tsk Tsk, Essendon Airport, and the funk-tinged I'm Talking, which launched the career of singer Kate Ceberano. St. Kilda's Crystal Ballroom became the stomping ground for Melbourne's darker "proto-gothic" groups including The Moodists (fronted by Dave Graney), COMPAQ 6910c CPU Fan Crime and the City Solution, and Nick Cave's The Birthday Party, one of the 1980s' most influential bands.^[41] In 1983, Cave and Melbourne-born industrial pioneer Clint Ruin (akaFoetus) formed the "No Wave supergroup" The Immaculate Consumptive. That same year, Cave and Birthday Party bandmate Mick Harveyfounded one of Australia's most popular and enduring rock bands, IBM Lenovo IdeaPad G510 CPU Fan Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds, whose evolving multinational lineup has included Melbourne musicians Hugo Race, Anita Lane, and Dirty Three violinist Warren Ellis. Many independent artists from Melbourne have become internationally notable and regularly tour abroad, including: The Temper Trap,Cut Copy, Architecture in Helsinki, The Drones, Grinderman, Augie March, New Buffalo, HP G62-110SO CPU Fan The Cat Empire, Dirty Three, Muscles, The Lucksmiths, Ned Collette, The Crayon Fields, Love of Diagrams, Midnight Juggernauts, Gotye and The Avalanches amongst others. Melbourne's lively rock and pop music scene has fostered many internationally renowned artists and musicians. The 1960s gave rise to many performers including Olivia Newton-John, John Farnham, DELL Precision M6400 CPU Fan Graeme Bell, and folk group The Seekers. The 1970s and 1980s saw many acts getting their first big breaks on Melbourne's Countdown, including the Little River Band and Crowded House who later wrote a song about the city of Melbourne called Four Seasons In One Day. Successful Melbourne artists include Flea (of the Red Hot Chili Peppers), Weddings Parties Anything, SONY Vaio VPC-EB290X CPU Fan TISM, Snog, Jet and Something for Kate. Melbourne is also the home of rock "guru" journalist Ian "Molly" Meldrum. More recent notable Melbourne acts include Rogue Traders, Taxiride, Missy Higgins, Madison Avenue, Anthony Callea and The Living End. Melbourne-based television shows Young Talent Timeand Neighbours gave many singers a launching pad to international success. HP Envy 17-1090eo CPU Fan Local talents to come from these shows include Kylie Minogue, Dannii Minogue, Tina Arena, Jamie Redfern and Jason Donovan. Another Music TV show that began in Melbourne was Turn It Up!It was first shown on Melbourne's Channel 31 and then relayed via satellite and rebroadcast terrestrially to major TV networks in over 22 countries. Toshiba Satellite A210-1CF CPU Fan The show had the second largest viewing audience around the world, beaten only by the audience of American Bandstand. In one episode, the show presented Melbournes annual festival Moomba to a world audience. Melbourne has two major daily newspapers, Rupert Murdoch's Herald Sun and the Fairfax owned The Age, as well as the free afternoon tabloid mX which is published by Murdoch. A national Australian newspaper has a Victorian issue and is also published by Murdoch. Dell Vostro 3450 CPU Fan Several weekly magazines are published by Murdochs' News Corp. As News Corp holds over 50 million shares in Fairfax,^[42] there is no daily newspaper in Melbourne free of Rupert Murdoch's media empire. There are three commercial television networks: Seven, Nine and Ten; and three public: the ABC, SBS and a community television channel, C31. Toshiba Satellite A10-103 CPU Fan Leader Newspapers is Australia's largest publisher of community newspapers, distributing 33 local papers across Melbourne suburbs.^[ More community newspapers are published by Fairfax Community Newspapers, and the Star News Group. Melbourne's commercial radio industry is dominated by the DMG Radio Australia, Compaq Presario A900 CTO CPU Fan Austereo and Southern Cross Broadcastingnetworks – all Melbourne-based. DMG Radio Australia stations include Nova 100 and Classic Rock, Austereo stations includeFOX FM and Triple M. 3AW is consistently the city's highest-rating commercial radio station.^[ Melbourne also boasts a number of community radio stations, of which the best known are 3RRR, 3PBS, 3CR, SYN, and JOY, the first Australian full-time gay and lesbian radio station. ACER Aspire 4736ZG CPU Fan Public broadcasters include the multilingual SBS, and the ABC's Radio National,NewsRadio, and 774 ABC Melbourne. In a country that is often labelled 'sports mad', Melbourne has a reputation among Australians for being the national sporting capital.^[43] In 2010, the city was named "World's Ultimate Sports City" for the third time in a row by SportAccordand SportBusiness.^[44] Toshiba Satellite A10-103 CPU Fan Criteria for the award include "the number of annual sports events held, major events held or hosting rights secured between 2006 and 2014, numbers of federations hosted, facilities/venues, transport, accommodation, government support, security, legacy, public sports interest and quality of life."^[45] A similar study conducted in 2006 by the London-based research and consulting firm ArkSports found Melbourne to be the world's top city for sports events.^[46] SONY MCF-519PAM05 CPU Fan The city hosts many major sporting events including the Melbourne Spring Racing Carnival (featuring "the race that stops the nation", the Melbourne Cup); the Australian Formula One Grand Prix; the Australian round of the MotoGP; the Australian Opentennis tournament, the first of the four annual Grand Slam events; the AFL Grand Final and the Boxing Day Test Match. SONY Vaio VPC-EB290X CPU Fan In1956, Melbourne became the first city in the Southern Hemisphere to host the Olympic Games, and played host to the 2006 Commonwealth Games. Melbourne is where Australian rules football originated in the 1850s—the world's first codified game of football^[47] and the most popular sport in Australia by attendance and viewership.^[48] HP Pavilion dv7-2043cl CPU Fan The city is home to nine of the eighteen teams that constitute the Australian Football League (AFL), whose five Melbourne games per week attract an average of 40,000 people per game.^[49] The AFL Grand Final, one of the biggest sporting events in Australia, is played on the last Saturday of September at the sport's "spiritual home", the 100,000 capacity Melbourne Cricket Ground (MCG).^[50] HP Pavilion dv7-2130ev CPU Fan Another significant Melbourne-based event on the AFL calendar is the Anzac Day clash between rival clubs Collingwood and Essendon. The city is also home to nine out of thirteen teams competing in the semi-professional Victorian Football League. Since 1999, the city has been the biennial host of the International Rules series involving the Australian national team and the Irish national team. HP 608772-001 CPU Fan TheAustralian Football International Cup is staged every three years in Melbourne. During the summer months cricket takes preference amongst Melburnians. In 1877, the world's first Test cricket match was contested by Australia and England at the Melbourne Cricket Ground, and The Ashes urn—symbol of the cricket rivalry between Australia and England—originated in Melbourne.^[51] Toshiba Satellite A100-194 CPU Fan The annual Boxing Day Test, also held at the MCG, is a prominent feature of the Melbourne summer, attracting the largest attendance of any Test match in the world. The Melbourne-based Victorian Bushrangers represent the state of Victoria in the Sheffield Shield and One-Day Cup. The Melbourne Stars and Melbourne Renegades compete in the Twenty20 Big Bash League.HP Pavilion tx1205/ CT CPU Fan Melbourne has two A-League (association football) teams: Melbourne Victory and Melbourne Heart. In rugby there is Melbourne Storm (NRL), and Melbourne Rebels(Super Rugby). The Melbourne Tigers compete in the NBL (basketball). For netball, two Melbourne teams compete for the Commonwealth Bank Trophy: Melbourne Phoenix and Melbourne Kestrels. HP Pavilion dv6640ep CPU Fan Bledisloe Cup Test matches between the Australian and New Zealand national rugby union teams were staged at the MCG in 1997 and 2007. Melbourne also hosted 7 of 48 matches during the 2003 Rugby World Cup. One-off rugby league matches have been held at Etihad Stadium including the Rugby League State of Origin (most recently in 2012), and a 2006 Tri-Nations Test. COMPAQ Presario CQ42-401TU CPU Fan Melbourne is home to 29 stadiums with a capacity of over 10,000 people. Some venues, such as the Albert Park Formula One track and the Calder Raceway, have large capacities but only temporary structures, while there are numerous suburban horse racing tracks and Australian rules football playing fields. In 2000 construction was completed on the Docklands Stadium, capable of seating up to 56,000 people. Toshiba Satellite A300D CPU Fan The stadium was the first in the world to host cricket and Australian football matches under a roof. The city also has large State Cycling, Hockey, Baseball/Softball and Netball centres, and an Ice centre (National Ice Sports Centre, hosting the Australian Olympic Winter Institute) is being constructed in Melbourne Docklands.^[52] HP Pavilion dv8397ea CPU  Fan Melbourne hosted the 2002 World Masters Games; broke new ground as the first city outside the United States to host the World Police and Fire Games in 1995, and the Presidents Cup golf tournament in 1999; and was the first city in the Southern Hemisphere to host the World Polo Championship in 2001. The city has hostedFIFA World Cup qualifiers in both 1997 and 2001.HP Pavilion dv9821ea CPU Fan The Rod Laver Arena was converted into a pool for the 2007 World Aquatics Championships. Melbourne's skateboarding culture has a lengthy history, with brands such as Globe originating in the city. In 1988, the Australian 60 Minutes program produced a segment that focused solely on Victorian skateboarding. The segment featured Melbourne skateboarding and conducted interviews with notable figures such as the Hill brothers (Stephen, HP COMPAQ TC4200 CPU Fan Matt and Mike) and Borgy.^[53] X-E-N is a Melbourne skateboard company that was established in 1999 and was co-founded by Andrew and Anthony Mapstone—two figures who, as of August 2012, remain influential in Australian skateboarding.Melburnians participate in a wide range of recreational and leisure activities.Australian rules football, Association Football, cricket and netball are the most popular participation team sports in Melbourne^[.SONY Vaio VGN-NW228F CPU Fan Cycling in Melbourne is a popular pastime, as one can tell from the bevy of cyclists and paths that lie all throughout the city, as well as a spectator sport. Melbourne's flat terrain and extensive off-road paths in green wedges are conducive to riding. Beach Road combines with the Nepean Highway to form a 90-kilometre stretch from Port Melbourne toSorrento, incorporating the Bayside Trail. HP G62-b16ST CPU Fan It is the city's most popular training route and attracts cyclists from around the world. Thousands of commuters cycle the roads, bike lanes and bike paths daily. Bicycle Victoria's annual events, Around the Bay in a Day and Ride to Work Day, attract tens of thousands of Melburnians. Other events such as the Herald Sun Tour begin and end in the Melbourne area and there are many local cycling events of varying grades all year round. HP 580696-001 CPU Fan Triathlon dominates the Beach Road area during summer, when hundreds of amateurs and professionals dive into Port Phillip Bay on Sundays. Watersports are a big recreational activity in Melbourne. Rowing on the Yarra River is also popular with universities and schools, and there are many boat-sheds along the river. the Yarra is home to the Head of the River, first raced in 1868 and Australia's oldest. HP Pavilion dv6-3049tx CPU Fan The Oarsome Foursome are also from Melbourne. On Port Phillip Bay, boating is popular^[, as is jetskiing, kitesurfing and windsurfing on St Kilda Beach. Melbourne is noted for its parks and gardens, with a ring of parks providing a green lung for the city centre. Perhaps the most notable is the Royal Botanic Gardens. HP G42-380LA CPU Fan Other notable gardens have been established on outskirts of Melbourne. In particular the Dandenong Ranges has the National Rhododendron Gardens, and several other public gardens. Residential gardening is a popular pastime in Melbourne, and Australia's Open Garden Scheme started in the city.In Melbourne there are approximately 5000 cafes and restaurants - per capita Melbourne has the most cafes/restaurants in the world.^[cToshiba Qosmio G30-167 CPU Fan Shopping or "retail therapy" has been a big part of Melbourne's way of life since the late 19th century, when "doing the Block" was a sign of prestige.^[ Today, the city is home to some of Australia's best shopping strips, such as the famous Chapel Street which stretches many blocks through South Yarra and Prahran, while heritage arcades such as the Block and the Royal Arcade and the CBD's myriad lanes. HP Pavilion dv7-1157cl CPU Fan Chadstone Shopping Centre, currently claimed to be the largest shopping centre in the southern hemisphere, markets itself as the "Fashion Capital". Strip shopping localities includeToorak Village, known for its exclusiveness, and Bridge Road in Richmond, known for its extensive factory outlets. Also there are major shopping centres throughout metropolitan Melbourne such as Westfield Airport West, Westfield Southland, Westfield Doncaster, andWestfield Knox. Compaq Presario CQ40-408AX CPU Fan Melbourne is also home to the Queen Victoria Market. This market contains both indoor and outdoor sections. Also, Melbourne has more clubs/pubs per capita than anywhere else in the world^[.Restaurants are numerous and present a diverse range of cuisines. The city has a reputation as a culinary capital,^[54]celebrated by the annual Melbourne Food and Wine Festival. HP Mini 110-1110ET CPU Fan As well as the famous "Little Italy" of Lygon Street in Carlton, other favourite inner city dining locations for Melburnians include Fitzroy Street St Kilda, Brunswick Street Fitzroy, Victoria St Collingwood, the CBD, and the Docklands and Southbank precincts. In 2006, Jamie Oliver selected Melbourne as the location for "Fifteen Melbourne", the Australian restaurant for his reality television show Jamie's Kitchen Australia. HP Pavilion dv7-1157cl CPU Fan Dance music is a thriving part of the Melbourne scene. The largest nightclubs are the Melbourne Metro Nightclub (2,500 capacity) and QBH (2,100 capacity). Melbourne is the birthplace of the Melbourne Shuffle, a style of dance that has been exported to South East Asia and continues to evolve to date. Melbourne has been the setting for many novels, television dramas, and films. HP Pavilion dv6-3163eo CPU Fan Fergus Hume's international best-seller Mystery of a Hansom Cab was set in Gold Rush era Melbourne. Frank Hardy's Power Without Glory tells the story of Melbourne businessman John West (based on the real-life John Wren) and is set in a thinly disguised Collingwood, then a working-class suburb of Melbourne. Perhaps the best-known novel internationally is Nevil Shute's novel On the Beach. HP Pavilion dv9740us CPU Fan In 1959, it was made into a film directed by Stanley Kramer and starring Gregory Peck, Ava Gardner and Anthony Perkins. The film depicted the denizens of Melbourne quietly slipping off into eternity as the last victims of a global nuclear holocaust. It was filmed on location in and around Melbourne. Similar filming was undertaken when a 2000 television movie remake was produced. HP COMPAQ NX9420 CPU Fan The world's first feature film, The Story of the Kelly Gang, was filmed in Melbourne in 1906.^[55] Some of the more famous Australian films include Mad Max andThe Castle. Melbourne has also produced many talented film and television actors including Cate Blanchett, Guy Pearce, Eric Bana and is home to Geoffrey Rush. HP Pavilion dv7-4150ec CPU Fan Australian audiences saw Melbourne portrayed in the 1960s–70s Crawford Productions police television drama series Homicide and Division 4. Contemporary series include: soap opera Neighbours, Stingers (an undercover police drama), The Secret Life of Us, Kath and Kim, Prisoner (known as Prisoner: Cell Block H for US and UK broadcasts), Halifax f.p., and MDA. HP Pavilion dv5-1102tu CPU Fan,HP Pavilion dv7-6011tx CPU Fan,HP Pavilion dv5-1040eb CPU Fan