Joseph Benson Foraker

http://www.all-keyboard.com/,http://www.keyboards-shop.com/,http://www.laptop-fan-shop.com/,http://www.laptopkeyboard-shop.com/ Joseph Benson Foraker (July 5, 1846 – May 10, 1917) was the 37thGovernor of Ohio from 1886 to 1890 and a Republican United States Senator from 1897 until 1909. Born in rural Ohio in 1846, Foraker enlisted at age 16 in the Union Armyduring the American Civil War. He fought for almost three years, attaining the rank of captain. Sony VAIO VGN-NS10E/S Battery After the war, he was a member of Cornell University's first graduating class, and became a lawyer. Interesting himself in politics, he was elected a judge in 1879 and became well known as a political speaker. Although defeated in his first run for governor in 1883, he was elected two years later. Sony VAIO VGN-NS10J/S Battery As governor, he built an alliance with Cleveland industrialist Mark Hanna, but fell out with him in 1888. Foraker lost re-election in 1889, but was elected United States Senator by the Ohio General Assembly in 1896, after an unsuccessful bid for that office in 1892. In the Senate, he supported the Spanish-American War and the annexation of the Philippines and Puerto Rico; Sony VAIO VGN-NS10L/S Battery the Foraker Act gave Puerto Rico its first civil government under American rule. He came to differ with President Theodore Roosevelt over railroad regulation and political patronage. Their largest disagreement was over the Brownsville Affair, in which black soldiers had been accused of terrorizing a Texas town, and Roosevelt had dismissed the entire battalion. Sony VAIO VGN-NS110E/L Battery Foraker zealously opposed Roosevelt's actions as unfair, and fought for the soldiers' reinstatement. The two men's disagreement broke out into an angry confrontation at the 1907 Gridiron Dinner, after which Roosevelt helped defeat Foraker's re-election bid. Foraker died in 1917; in 1972, the Army reversed the dismissals and cleared the soldiers. Sony VAIO VGN-NS110E/S Battery Joseph Benson Foraker was born on July 5, 1846, on a farm about 1 mile (1.6 km) north of Rainsboro, Ohio, in Highland County. He was the son of Henry and Margaret (Reece) Foraker, and one of 11 children, of whom nine reached adulthood. Henry Foraker was the first in his line (said to descend from Devon in England, though with German and Scots-Irishinfluences) to spell his name that way; Sony VAIO VGN-NS110E/W Battery his father, named John, had spelled it "Fouracre", or sometimes "Foreacer". David Reece, Joseph's maternal grandfather, was of English descent and had come from Grayson County, Virginia, to become a miller and farmer. The house in which Joseph Foraker was born was a comfortable two-story residence; nevertheless, Sony VAIO VGN-NS115N/S Battery his later campaign publications often depicted it as a log cabin. When Joseph was age 2, David Reece died, and the Foraker family purchased the mill and adjacent farm. There, Joseph grew up as a typical farm boy. He received little formal education, attending the local school for three or four months each winter. Sony VAIO VGN-NS11J/S Battery Nevertheless, young Joseph acquired a taste for military history, and a gift for speaking. He also became interested in politics; at age 10, he became an adherent of the newly formed Republican Party.^[6] Four years later, he supported the Republican candidate, former Illinois representative Abraham Lincoln, Sony VAIO VGN-NS130E/L Battery in the1860 presidential race, marching in processions of the Wide Awakes and other pro-Lincoln groups, and attending as many rallies as he could. Impressed enough by one speaker to follow him to a neighboring town, he learned not to make the same speech twice in two days—at least, not in venues close to each other.^[7] Sony VAIO VGN-NS130E/S Battery In October 1861, Foraker left his parents' home to go to the county seat ofHillsboro where he was to live with his uncle, James Reece, auditor of Highland County, and work as a clerk in his office. He was sent to replace his older brother, Burch, by then enlisted in the Union Army as the American Civil War was raging. Sony VAIO VGN-NS130E/W Battery Foraker noted in his memoirs that while his time as auditor's clerk greatly improved his penmanship, it also brought him into contact with many county officials, teaching him how a government worked. The young clerk was impressed by his brother's letters home, and was anxious to join the army despite his youth. Soon after his 16th birthday, Sony VAIO VGN-NS140E/L Battery Joseph Foraker learned that a family friend was organizing a volunteer company, and sought to enlist. His uncle gave reluctant consent, and on July 14, 1862, Foraker was mustered in Company "A", 89th Ohio Volunteer Infantry; in late August, after training, he became second sergeant. Sony VAIO VGN-NS140E/S Battery With Confederate forces moving through Kentucky and threatening Cincinnati, the 89th was hurried into defenses set up across the Ohio River in Newport, Kentucky. The Confederates did not reach the Ohio, having been forced back well to the south, and the 89th moved to Fort Shaler, near Newport. Sony VAIO VGN-NS140E/W Battery While Foraker was at Fort Shaler, President Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation; Foraker recounted in his memoirs that he and his comrades felt that the proclamation meant that they were fighting for the end of slavery, not just to preserve the Union.^[8][9] Sony VAIO VGN-NS190J/L Battery Later in September 1862, the 89th was sent to Western Virginia (today West Virginia) to reinforce Union forces there, and joined in their advance for a month. The regiment settled into winter quarters, but was called out for transport to Tennessee, where it helped relieve Fort Donelson in February 1863. Sony VAIO VGN-NS190J/S Battery Before this action, Foraker had seen little fighting, and the bloody scenes there were a shock to him; he wrote his parents, "To know how dreadful war is you must see it yourself."^[10] The 89th remained at Donelson only a few days before being sent to join the Army of the Cumberland under the command of Major General William S. Rosecrans near Carthage; Sony VAIO VGN-NS190J/W Battery there, Foraker was promoted to second lieutenant. In June, Foraker led an advance guard that clashed with the Confederate rear in what developed into the Battle of Hoover's Gap, and the Union forces slowly advanced across Tennessee, reaching Chattanooga in September. From Chattanooga, Sony VAIO VGN-NS235J/L Battery Foraker and two other officers were sent home to collect new soldiers who were expected to be drafted, but the plan to draft recruits was abandoned due to political opposition. In November he returned to Chattanooga, where the 89th was now part of the Army of the Tennessee under Brigadier General William Tecumseh Sherman, in time to fight in the Battle of Missionary Ridge. Sony VAIO VGN-NS235J/P Battery In May 1864, Sherman began his Atlanta Campaign. Foraker fought in a number of fierce battles in that campaign, including Resaca, New Hope Church, andKennesaw Mountain. Atlanta, or at least what was left of it after devastating fires, fell on September 2. Foraker was detailed to the Signal Corps school that had been set up by the army at Atlanta, Sony VAIO VGN-NS235J/S Battery and spent a month there. He was then assigned to Major General Henry W. Slocum's division, and remained with that division as it participated in Sherman's March to the Sea, leaving a swath of destruction behind. In late December 1864, the army reached Savannah, and Foraker, despite a storm, was able to communicate with US Navy ships offshore to alert them to the presence of Sherman's army. Sony VAIO VGN-NS235J/W Battery After a month, the army marched north into South Carolina, determined to bring even more devastation to the state that had first seceded. Foraker was in charge of maintaining signals between the wings of the army, and was stationed on a gunboat as it moved up the Savannah River. Sony VAIO VGN-NS240E/L Battery He saw more active duty as a courier between Sherman's main army and Slocum's forces in March 1865 as they met Confederate forces in North Carolina in the Battle of Bentonville. On the day of the battle, March 19, 1865, Foraker was promoted to brevet captain, and was soon thereafter made aide de camp to General Slocum. Sony VAIO VGN-NS290J/L Battery In April, as Sherman's army moved slowly northward, word came of the surrender of Confederate General Robert E. Lee and his forces atAppomattox, Virginia, effectively ending the war. In early May, Sherman's Army of Georgia journeyed north towards Washington, passing in review on May 23 before the new president, Sony VAIO VGN-NS290J/S Battery Andrew Johnson, sworn in afterLincoln's assassination the previous month. Foraker soon thereafter returned to Ohio, and was mustered out. Foraker had been anxious to become a lawyer while a clerk for his uncle; ^[13] with peace restored he enrolled for a year at Salem Academy and then in 1866 Ohio Wesleyan University in Delaware, Sony VAIO VGN-NS50B/L Battery Ohio. He found the students who had not served in the army to be immature. He took the usual course, mostly of classics, with a few classes in the sciences, and registered as a clerk for a local attorney. Foraker courted Julia Bundy, daughter of Congressman Hezekiah Bundy and a student at nearby Ohio Wesleyan Female College; Sony VAIO VGN-NS50B/W Battery the two would marry in 1870. In 1868, he learned that newly founded Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, was offering entrance by examination to students willing to transfer. Along with fellow Ohio Wesleyan students Morris Lyon Buchwalterand John Andrew Rea, Sony VAIO VGN-NS51B/L Battery Foraker enrolled at Cornell; the three founded the first New York State chapter of Phi Kappa Psi fraternity, and in 1869 graduated as part of Cornell's inaugural class of eight students. Foraker, in later years, served as a trustee of Cornell, elected by his fellow alumni.^[14][15] After graduating from Cornell, Foraker moved to Cincinnati, where he resumed his study of law with a local firm; Sony VAIO VGN-NS51B/P Battery he was admitted to the bar in October 1869.^[16] Foraker's first job in the legal profession was as anotary public; he wrote in his memoirs how time consuming depositions were in the days beforetypewriters.^[17][18] Foraker wrote that he earned $600 in his first year as a lawyer, but by the fourth year was earning $2,700; "after that it was easy".Sony VAIO VGN-NS51B/W Battery The Forakers lived in a boarding house on Elm Street in Cincinnati for two years after their wedding in 1870. They then moved to a house in the suburb of Norwood and in 1879 built a home in upscale Mount Auburn. Joseph Foraker had initially intended to concentrate on his law practice, Sony VAIO VGN-NS52JB/L Battery but in the early 1870s became a well-regarded speaker for the Republicans. In 1872, Foraker campaigned for President Ulysses Grant's successful re-election bid. In 1875, he was for the first time a delegate to the Republican state convention, supporting fellow Cincinnatian Alphonso Taft for governor. Sony VAIO VGN-NS52JB/P Battery However, Taft was defeated for the nomination by the incumbent, Rutherford Hayes, who that fall broke Ohio precedent by winning a third two-year term. The following year, Foraker attended the 1876 Republican National Conventionas a spectator, and listened spellbound as Robert Ingersoll dramatically nominated Sony VAIO VGN-NS52JB/W Battery Maine Senator James G. Blaine for president, calling him a "plumed knight". While Ingersoll's speech gained Blaine a lasting nickname, it did not procure him the nomination, which fell to Governor Hayes. Foraker supported Hayes, who was elected that fall in a close and controversial election.^[20] Sony VAIO VGN-NS70B/W Battery In 1876, Foraker ran for judge of the Court of Common Pleas. Election fraud by Democratic political boss Eph Howard defeated Foraker and the rest of the Republican ticket. In 1878, he ran for state's attorney forHamilton County (where Cincinnati is located) but was defeated in another Democratic sweep. Sony VAIO VGN-NS71B/W Battery In 1879, Foraker won his first elective office, as judge of the Superior Court of Cincinnati.^[21][22] He served three years of a five-year term,^[23][24] resigning in 1882 due to an illness, though he recovered after several months' rest. In 1883, Ohio Governor Charles Foster, a Republican who had held the office since 1880, looked for a Republican contender to succeed him. Sony VAIO VGN-NS72JB/W Battery Foster had sought increased regulation of the liquor trade, offending many German-Americans, who were deemed likely to vote Democratic in reaction, and who were especially concentrated in Cincinnati. Few expected the Republicans to retain the governorship, and prominent candidates such as SenatorJohn Sherman and Congressman Benjamin Butterworth declined to run. Sony VAIO VGN-NS90HS Battery Foster saw Foraker as a candidate likely to do well: he was a Civil War veteran with a good record as a lawyer and a promising public speaker—and his Cincinnati residence might win back some votes. Others agreed; the local United States Attorney wrote to Senator Sherman that the Republicans should nominate "Foraker or some other unobjectionable man".^[26] Sony VAIO VGN-NS92JS Battery Foster accordingly wrote to Foraker, offering him the chance at "honorable distinction and useful service."^[27] Foraker came to Columbus just before the 1883 state convention, and sounded out state Republican leaders such as Sherman and Congressman William McKinley. When Foraker found them willing to support him, he allowed his name to be placed in nomination, and once it was clear that Sherman would not run, Sony VAIO VGN-NS92XS Battery the convention nominated Foraker by acclamation. The Democratic Cincinnati Enquirer summed up the Republican strategy: "They determined to sacrifice as little as possible, so they sacrificed Foraker."^[28] The Democrats nominated George Hoadly, another Cincinnatian, with whom Foraker was friendly. Sony VAIO VGN-NW21EF/S Battery The major issue in the campaign was alcohol—the legislature had passed a law authorizing localities to license saloons, and had authorized two referenda to allow additional regulation. Hoadly, though ill for part of the campaign withmalaria, deftly maneuvered the politically inexperienced Foraker into stating that he would not vote for the referenda. Sony VAIO VGN-NW21JF Battery This offended "dry" Republicans, splitting the party. Foraker campaigned throughout the state, reaching nearly every county and generally speaking at least twice a day.^[28] Nevertheless, he was defeated by over 12,000 votes, losing most counties, including Hamilton; according to Walters, "although defeated in this campaign, Sony VAIO VGN-NW21MF Battery Foraker gained by it; he won political repute through the state; no longer was he an 'unknown.'"^[29]One reason cited for Foraker's defeat was a failure to appeal to African Americans, who constituted about two percent of Ohio's population and who then mostly voted Republican.^[30] Sony VAIO VGN-NW21MF/W Battery Foraker returned to the practice of law, initially vowing to avoid politics; however, he received a number of letters offering him support in a gubernatorial race in 1885. The 1884 Republican state convention elected Foraker a delegate-at-large to the national convention along with Congressman McKinley and Cleveland industrialist Mark Hanna. Sony VAIO VGN-NW21ZF Battery Sherman's political managers asked Foraker to play an active role in Sherman's presidential campaign, and to place his name in nomination at the convention, which he did, though Walters describes his speech as "weak and unimpressive" by comparison with Foraker's later efforts. Sony VAIO VGN-NW31EF/W Battery Other candidates for the presidential nomination included President Chester A. Arthur (who had succeeded the assassinated James Garfield) and John A. Logan, but the convention was dominated by the Blaine forces. Sherman received 30 votes, mostly from Ohio, on the first ballot, Sony VAIO VGN-NW31JF Battery but his total thereafter declined, and Blaine secured the nomination on the fourth ballot. There was talk of Foraker for vice president; he received one vote, from New York delegate and Cornell president Andrew D. White. The nominating speech, despite its flaws, made Foraker a national figure. Sony VAIO VGN-NW320F/B Battery At the convention, Foraker worked with Hanna and with Charles G. Kurtz of Columbus: both would support Foraker in the years ahead, though in the case of Hanna, only for a time.^[31] In the fall campaign, both Foraker and Hanna supported Blaine, accompanying the New Englander when he toured Ohio in October. Sony VAIO VGN-NW320F/TC Battery However, Blaine was defeated by the Democratic candidate, New York Governor Grover Cleveland.^[32] Foraker received early support for a second run for governor in 1885, but said little publicly until the state convention in Springfield in June. Sony VAIO VGN-NW35E Battery He did, however, respond to allegations that he had discriminated against African Americans in his law practice and that he had withdrawn from Ohio Wesleyan because a black student had been admitted. Foraker refuted these charges without stating that he was a candidate for office. Sony VAIO VGN-NW380F/S Battery He arrived at the convention to the strains of "Marching Through Georgia", in reference to his Civil War service, and won an easy first-ballot victory: according to Walters, "the Springfield convention of 1885 marked the arrival of Foraker, the politician."^[33] The major issues in the fall campaign were again the liquor question, Sony VAIO VGN-NW380F/T Battery at which Foraker proved more adept than two years previously, and treatment of the African-American voter, prompted by an incident in Cincinnati in 1884 when a Democratic-minded policeman, Mike Mullen, locked up 150 African Americans the night before the general election to prevent them from voting. Sony VAIO VGN-NW50JB Battery Foraker was again opposed by Hoadly, who had pardoned Mullen, and who had accepted a $150,000 fee from the city-owned Cincinnati Southern Railway, though the governor professed not to know how he had earned it.^[34] Foraker forged an alliance with African-American editor Harry C. Smith, who would be a supporter throughout his political career.^[35] Sony VAIO VGN-NW51FB/N Battery On October 13, 1885, Foraker defeated Hoadly by 17,451 votes. Although he won much of the state, he did not carry Hamilton County due to election fraud. Joseph Foraker was sworn in as governor on January 12, 1886, during an intense blizzard that prevented many of the political marching clubs hoping to honor him from reaching Columbus. Sony VAIO VGN-NW51FB/W Battery In his inaugural address, he urged election reform, creation of a liquor licensing bureau, the abolition of laws that discriminated against African Americans, and the establishment of a state board of health. With a Republican majority in both houses, the legislature enacted many of his proposals, including the Poorman Law, Sony VAIO VGN-NW70JB Battery requiring voter registration in Cleveland and Cincinnati (and later in all large cities), as well as the Pugsley Law, which established nonpartisan boards to appoint election officials. The Ohio State Journal commented, "Not all that is needed in the way of amendments to the election laws of Ohio, but it will do for a starter."^[37] Sony VAIO VGN-NW71FB/N Battery The Dow Law imposed an annual tax on businesses in the alcohol trade; most of the proceeds would go for poor relief and to the police fund.^[38] With Foraker's support, the remaining laws that allowed racial discrimination in Ohio were repealed.^[39] Foraker became popular during his governorship for "waving the bloody shirt",Sony VAIO VGN-NW71FB/W Battery that is, castigating the South for the Civil War. President Cleveland in 1887 requested northern governors to return captured Confederate battle flags. When Foraker was asked by a supporter if he would allow the banners to go South, he responded by telegraph, "No rebel flags will be returned while I am governor."^[40] Sony VAIO VGN-NW91FS Battery Cleveland backed down, and Foraker was hailed as a hero by many, receiving thousands of congratulatory messages. Foraker criticized the President for vetoing a bill increasing war pensions and for going fishing onDecoration Day. When the governor visited Philadelphia later that year for the centennial of the Constitution, Sony VAIO VGN-NW91GS Battery he rode at the head of a regiment of Ohio militia past the reviewing stand on which Cleveland stood. When Foraker saluted, Cleveland removed his hat, but did not bow slightly as he had for other state governors. Later that day, Foraker led a troop of Grand Army of the Republic veterans past Cleveland's reviewing stand in another parade, bearing an array of captured battle flags.^[41] Sony VAIO VGN-NW91VS Battery Until mid-1888, Foraker had the enthusiastic support of Hanna, who, while still boosting John Sherman for president, was a generous contributor to the governor's 1885 and 1887 campaigns. Hanna hoped to be able to dispense patronage in northern Ohio. According to Hanna biographer William T. Horner, Sony VAIO VGN-AW93ZHS Battery however, "unfortunately for Hanna, Foraker largely refused to grant Hanna the authority that by tradition he probably had earned."^[42]One example, later cited by Foraker as a reason his close relationship with Hanna ended, was the question of the position of state oil inspector, whose substantial fees were paid, not by the taxpayer, Sony VAIO VGN-BZ11EN Battery but by the oil companies, and who was permitted to appoint large numbers of deputies.^[43] In 1885, soon after Foraker's inauguration, Hanna advocated the appointment of William M. Bayne, while Congressman McKinley pressed the name of Edwin Hartshorn. Hanna agreed to withdraw Bayne, Sony VAIO VGN-BZ11MN Battery not to accommodate McKinley, but to save Foraker from a difficulty. Hanna wrote to Foraker, "I had a call from Major^[a] McKinley and his oil inspector candidate. ... I tell him he 'wants the earth' …"^[44] However, Foraker instead reappointed the incumbent, Louis Smithnight.^[45]One of the men appointed deputy oil inspector was Harry Smith, Sony VAIO VGN-BZ11XN Battery the African-American editor who had supported Foraker in the 1885 election.^[46] McKinley again approached Foraker after his re-election in 1887 seeking Hartshorn's appointment; however, Foraker appointed George B. Cox, Republican boss of Cincinnati, as chief though Smithnight was retained as a deputy. In later years, Sony VAIO VGN-BZ12VN Battery Foraker suggested the dispute over the oil inspectorship was a reason for Hanna breaking from him and allying with McKinley, stating after Hanna's death in 1904, "I have often thought since that my appointment of Cox made McKinley president." Walters traces fissures between Foraker's supporters and those of Sherman from as early as 1887. Sony VAIO VGN-BZ12XN Battery Foraker's meteoric rise in Ohio politics was a threat to Sherman, especially as Foraker was likely to seek another office after completing his time as governor. In 1887, McKinley, Hanna, Sherman, and others met at the congressman's home in Canton and decided to push for Sherman's endorsement for president by the 1887 Republican state convention in Toledo, Sony VAIO VGN-BZ31VT Battery and to threaten Foraker should he refuse to get in line.^[47]Despite some anti-Sherman feeling in Ohio, the resolution to endorse Sherman was adopted unanimously by the same convention that renominated Foraker,^[48]and later that year, the governor was re-elected.^[39] Sherman was a leading candidate for the 1888 Republican presidential nomination, Sony VAIO VGN-BZ31XT Battery commanding the support of Ohio, much of Pennsylvania, and the South. Uncertainty over whether Blaine would be a candidate hung over the1888 Republican National Convention in June in Chicago. Although Blaine had stated he was not running, his devotees hoped he might change his mind. Sony VAIO VGN-BZ560 Battery Sherman did not fully trust Foraker, and gave over the management of his campaign to Hanna; the presidential candidate also declined to have Foraker place his name in nomination^[49] in favor of Daniel H. Hastings of Pennsylvania. At the convention, Foraker seconded Hastings' nomination of Sherman, Sony VAIO VGN-BZ560N24 Battery but the senator, on the first ballot, received few votes outside the states known to back him.^[50] Sherman's southern support was discounted, as those states would not vote for the Republican nominee, and Sherman had paid the travel expenses of those delegates, who were for the most part African Americans.^[51] Sony VAIO VGN-BZ560N30 Battery By the fourth ballot, on Saturday, June 23, Sherman had about the same number of votes he had started with, but was being challenged by a surge from former Indiana senator Benjamin Harrison. The convention then adjourned until Monday, June 25. With almost two days for intrigue, rumors swept through the convention that Blaine would be a candidate after all. Sony VAIO VGN-BZ560P Battery Late on Saturday night, Foraker released a statement that he would support Blaine. Walters proffered several reasons for the switch: Foraker felt Sherman had no chance, resented not being thanked by Sherman for the seconding speech, and was annoyed at the trickle of votes McKinley had received, Sony VAIO VGN-BZ560P20 Battery feeling that the congressman was being prepared as a backup candidate for the Sherman forces. There was also talk that Foraker might gain a place on the ticket, either for president or vice president, though he stated he would not accept a nomination without Sherman's consent. Sony VAIO VGN-BZ560P22 Battery The switch wounded Sherman's candidacy by showing that his own state's governor did not support him, and even though Foraker switched back to Sherman when Blaine wired reiterating that he was not a candidate, the damage was done; Harrison gained the nomination on the eighth ballot.^[52] Sony VAIO VGN-BZ560P28 Battery According to Horner, Foraker's temporary abandonment of Sherman was "the move that seems to have shattered his relationship with Hanna permanently".^[53] However, Foraker gave other reasons for the break, stating after Hanna's death that one reason for it was that Hanna bought up the extra tickets of black Southern convention delegates, Sony VAIO VGN-BZ560P30 Battery a practice that the governor considered corrupt. J.B. Morrow, the newspaper publisher who took Foraker's statement as source material for Herbert Croly's 1912 biography of Hanna, disagreed: "it was understood at the time that his [Foraker's] heart was not in Sherman's candidacy …Sony VAIO VGN-BZ560P34 Battery his outraged feelings over Hanna's bargaining with Southern delegates can't be believed by me."^[54] According to Horner, "the split between Foraker and Hanna had a profound impact on the subsequent behavior of both men, their careers in politics, and the Republican Party in Ohio, which was fractured by the dispute."^[55] Sony VAIO VGN-BZ561 Battery Harrison was elected in November 1888 over President Cleveland.^[56] By 1889, Foraker was openly opposed by a faction of Ohio Republicans, led by Hanna, Sherman and McKinley.^[57] Foraker felt relieved at the break, writing to a friend, "From Toledo to Chicago, my neck was under a yoke, but now I am free."^[58] Sony VAIO VGN-BZ561N20 Battery Despite the factional opposition, he sought a third term in 1889, hoping that if Republicans kept their majority in the legislature, he could be elected to the Senate as Sherman's junior colleague in the legislative election to be held in January 1890.^[b][57] He was renominated at the 1889 state convention in Columbus on the second ballot, as the opposition to him was divided.^[59] Sony VAIO VGN-BZ561P20 Battery A law for the Sunday closing of saloons had been passed under Foraker; when Cincinnati Mayor John B. Mosby proposed to enforce the law against local opposition, Foraker wired to Mosby the support of the state government. This stance alienated many anti-Prohibition Republicans.^[60Sony VAIO VGN-BZ562P Battery ^] Another damaging incident was Foraker's claim, based on documents he procured that turned out to be forged, that Democratic gubernatorial candidateJames E. Campbell had supported the adoption of a ballot box made by a company in which Campbell supposedly had a financial interest. Sony VAIO VGN-BZ563P Battery The documents also bore the signatures of Sherman, McKinley, and other Foraker enemies; they were later shown to have been taken from franked mail. Campbell was not in fact involved with the company, and the affair cost Foraker votes. A congressional committee conducted an investigation in 1891 and cleared all of those whose signatures had been reproduced. Sony VAIO VGN-BZAAFS Battery However, it blamed Foraker for using the documents without verifying their authenticity. By then, Foraker was no longer governor, having been defeated by Campbell by 10,873 votes out of some 750,000 cast.^[60] McKinley biographer H. Wayne Morgan noted, "Clearly Foraker acted hastily and unwisely because of his desperate fight against Campbell and his bitterness towards the Shermanites."^[61] Sony VAIO VGN-BZAAHS Battery The defeat had consequences for Foraker; according to another of McKinley's biographers, Kevin Phillips: "when Foraker lost his bid for a third statehouse term, McKinley became Ohio's next-in-line presidential favorite son". Defeated for re-election, Foraker returned to Cincinnati and the practice of law.^[63] Sony VAIO VGN-BZAANS Battery