Tourism in Australia

http://www.all-laptopfan.com/,http://www.all-keyboard.com/ Tourism is an important industry for the Australian economy. In the financial year 2010/11, the tourism industry represented 2.5% of Australia's GDP at a value of approximately A$35 billion to the national economy. This is equivalent to tourism contributing $94.8 million a day to the Australian economy.^[2] Domestic tourism is a significant part of the tourism industry, and was responsible for 73% of the total direct tourism GDP.^[2] DELL Precision M6400 CPU Fan The 2010-11 financial year saw a record number of overseas arrivals in the financial year, with 5.9 million short-term visitor arrivals to Australia (or 588 extra visitors a day extra).^[3] Tourism employed 513,700 people in Australia in 2010-11, or which 43.7% of total tourism employed persons were part-time. Tourism also contributed 8.0% of Australia's total export earnings in 2010-11.^[2] Compaq Presario CQ60-615DX CPU Fan Popular Australian destinations include the coastal cities of Sydney and Melbourne, as well as other high profile destinations including regional Queensland, the Gold Coast and the Great Barrier Reef, the world's largest reef. Uluru and the Australian outback are other popular locations, as is Tasmanian wilderness. The unique Australian wildlife is also another significant point of interest in the country's tourism. HP Pavilion dv2660se CPU Fan Despite a year of global economic challenges and natural disasters in 2010-2011, Australia's tourism growth was supported by increased consumption (up 4.4% over the previous year, largely due to an increase in the number of visitors from overseas). On the back of a strong Australian dollar, 2010-11 also saw a record 7.4 million short-term resident departures from Australia, an increase of 9.9% from 2009-10. Toshiba Satellite L500-1XC CPU Fan Domestic tourism consumption grew at less than half the pace of international consumption in 2010-11 (up 2.1% compared to 4.4%).^[4] The Australian Government released the 2020 Tourism Industry Potential on 15 November 2010, and estimates the Australian tourism industry to be worth up to $140 billion in overnight expenditure. DELL GM0503PEB1-8 (L2.M) CPU Fan This growth will largely be due to key emerging markets, including the China market, which is estimated to be the largest economic contributor to the Australian tourism industry by 2020.^[5] The number of Chinese visitors has more than doubled from 2006 to 2012 reaching a peak of 626,400 in 2012 and surpassing for the first time the number of arrivals from the UK.^[6] In 2013, China was Australia's fastest growing tourist market.^[7] HP Pavilion dv7-1098eo CPU Fan According to Tourism Australia Managing Director Andrew McEvoy Chinese are the highest spending visitors to the country. All visitors to Australia, apart from New Zealanders, require advance permission to enter the country. For most countries, a full visa is required. Holders of passports of all European Union countries as well as all Schengen Area countries andEuropean microstates only need to apply online for an eVisitor authorisation. Toshiba Satellite A205-S5804 CPU Fan Citizens of some OECD and some East Asiancountries are able to apply for the similar Electronic Travel Authority authorisation. Australia's international tourism campaigns have focused on Australia's laid back style, such as an 1980s advertising campaign featuring actor Paul Hogan telling American tourists "I'll slip an extra shrimp on the barbie for you",HP Pavilion dv7-1240us CPU Fan or its cheeky side, as in its controversial 2006 campaign in the United Kingdom using the Australian colloquialism slogan "So where the bloody hell are you?".^[ Tourism Australia’s “No Leave No Life” campaign was launched in March 2009 by the Federal Minister for Tourism, the Hon. Martin Ferguson AM MP. This campaign was designed to remind employees of the personal and professional benefits of taking annual leave, and of taking that leave in Australia.  DELL yy529 CPU Fan At 30 June 2009 there were 126 million days of stockpiled annual leave in the Australian economy.^[10] At the end of the June 2010 quarter, this number had decreased to 117 million days, following falls in the preceding three quarters. Tourism Australia’s latest consumer campaign “There’s Nothing Like Australia” invites Australians to share their favourite Australian place or experience with the world. Toshiba Qosmio G40-10E CPU Fan The campaign is based on research conducted by Tourism Australia that showed Australians were eager to get involved in promoting their country. It was developed to involve Australians because they are the experts on what makes Australia unlike anywhere else. The core message, that ‘There’s Nothing Like Australia’ was designed for longevity through different mediums, audiences and activities. SONY Vaio VGN-CR407E CPU Fan New Zealand tourists make up a distinctive part of the Australian tourism market, usually taking short package tours which concentrate heavily on the iconic sights (typically Sydney, Uluru, Gold Coastand Cairns),^[ and viewing Australian native animals (particularly the koala). Another major source of tourists to Australia include backpackers, mostly young people from Western European countries (particularly the United Kingdom) and North America. HP Pavilion dv6-1101au CPU Fan Spending more time in Australia, these travelers tend to explore considerably more of the country. Many backpackers participate in working holidays enabling them to stay longer in the country. Working holiday visas for Australia are available for those aged 18 to 30 for most Western European citizens, and also citizens of Canada and some developed East Asian nations such as Hong Kong,Taiwan, Japan and South Korea. HP Pavilion dv7-3190ev CPU Fan The domestic tourism market is estimated to valued at $63 billion.^[15] In 2009, the Australian domestic market experienced a 10% slump in the number of visitor nights.^[16] Domestic tourism in general and in particular free caravan and camping sites for overnight accommodation experienced strong demand in 2012.^[17] HP Pavilion dv7-1157cl CPU Fan Australians are big domestic travellers, with a profusion of seaside resort towns in every state (many located on or near good surfing beaches), mountain retreats, plentiful national parks, rivers, fishing locations, wine growing regions, as well as domestic visitation of the major tourist spots.^[Domestic tourism peaks during the Australian school holidays. HP COMPAQ NX9420 CPU Fan In 2011, a leading Australian travel agent warned that low-cost carriers such as AirAsia and Jetstar who offered cheap packages to Asia threatened the domestic tourism market. The Great Barrier Reef attracts up to two million visitors every year.^[19] Careful management, which includes permits for camping and all commercial marine tourism within the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park, has so far ensured that tourists have a very minimal impact on the reef.^[19] HP Mini 110-1110ET CPU Fan Uluru, Kakadu National Park and Fraser Island are major natural attractions. Uluru won the 2013 Qantas Australian Tourism Awards and was named Australia’s best major tourist attraction.^[20] Another attraction that appeals to many tourists is the Opera House in Sydney. Shopping and casinos are a major drawcard for wealthy Chinese visitors.^[21] HP Pavilion dv7-1157cl CPU Fan Wine, indigenous culture and nature tourism also generate travel in Australia. Major events attract a large number of tourists. The Sydney Gay and Lesbian Mardi Gras is an annual event that attractions thousands of international tourists.^[22] The 2000 Sydney Olympics resulted in significant inbound and domestic tourism to Sydney. HP Pavilion dv6-3163eo CPU Fan During the games, Sydney hosted 362,000 domestic and 110,000 international visitors. In addition, up to 4 billion people watched the games worldwide.^[23] The 2003 Rugby World Cup attracted 65,000 international visitors to Australia.^[23] Schoolies Week is an annual celebration of Year 12 school leavers in late November, many of whom travel to theGold Coast, where in 2011 they were expected to boost the economy by $60 million. HP Pavilion dv9740us CPU Fan A foreign national wishing to enter Australia must obtain a visa unless he or she is

• a citizen of one of the 36 eVisitor or 9 Electronic Travel Authority (ETA) eligible countries,
• a citizen of New Zealand, under the Trans-Tasman Travel Arrangement, or

eligible for visa-free travel under other laws such as Special purpose visa. ACER Aspire 4743 CPU Fan In addition to the citizens of 45 eVisitor and ETA eligible countries and the citizens of New Zealand who may need to apply for a Visitor visa, the citizens of further 27 eligible countries may apply for the Visitor visa online. Citizens of 34 countries are officially considered low risk. Whilst citizens of all Member States of the European Union and Schengen associated countries are entitled to use the eVisitor system since 27 October 2008, HP Pavilion dv6-2170us CPU Fan theEuropean Commission is still assessing whether the eVisitor visa fully satisfies reciprocity requirements. In its Seventh report on certain third countries' maintenance of visa requirements in breach of the principle of reciprocity from 2012, the European Commission found that in principle, the eVisitor provides equal treatment of the citizens of all Member States and Schengen associated countries. Toshiba Satellite L675-S7018 CPU Fan ASUS F80Q CPU Fan However, while the average autogrant rate was high (86,36 %), the quarterly reports on eVisitor application statistics showed that applications by citizens of some Member States are mainly processed manually. Autogrant rates for Bulgaria and Romania were at just 18% and 23%, as the majority of applications were sent for additional examination. The Commission therefore engaged to continue to closely monitor the processing of eVisitor applications. ACER TravelMate 4200 CPU Fan The Commission would submit its assessment of whether eVisitor is equivalent to the Schengen visa application process in a separate document in parallel with the assessment of the Final Rule on ESTA.^[2] Currently the Schengen Area does not have visa requirements in place for short-term stays of Australian nationals.^[3][4] The United Kingdom and Ireland are exempt from this particular EU policy, but still do not impose any short-term visa requirements on Australians.^[5][6] HP 434678-001 CPU Fan Some countries regard the ETA as being equivalent to visa-free travel when deciding whether to grant the same to Australians wishing to enter their territory. The United States, for example, offers their Visa Waiver Program to Australian passport-holders,^[7] and one of the conditions for joining this scheme is that "Governments provide reciprocal visa-free travel for U.S. citizens for 90 days for tourism or business purposes".^[8] HP G70-120EA CPU Fan However, United States require from January 2009 similar ETA from citizens of Australia and some more countries. This system is not called visa, but Electronic System for Travel Authorization, therefore the USA still allows visa-free travel for Australians. As of December 1998, Japan has also granted visa-free access to Australians.^[9] Other ETA eligible countries and territories Canada,^[10] Toshiba Satellite A300-034 CPU Fan Hong Kong,^[11] Malaysia,^[12] Singapore^[13] and South Korea (90 days)^[14] and Taiwan (30 days)^[15] also grant visa-free access to Australians while Brunei grants Australians a 30 day visa on arrival. eVisitor and Electronic Travel Authority (ETA) are authorisations for entry to Australia available to holders of certain passports.HP 606609-001 CPU Fan Established in 1996 to remove the need for some people to apply for full visas, they can be applied for online, or in certain ETA cases through travel agents, airlines, specialist service providers or Australian visa offices. Electronic tourist visas (class 600) are processed by Australian visa offices and consulates outside Australia but the citizens of certain countries can apply online and their applications, Compaq Presario CQ60-301sl CPU Fan if a requested period of stay is three months or less, and no further information or checking is required, may be granted in a matter of minutes. In other cases, the application will be manually processed by a case officer. The eVisitor was introduced on 27 October 2008, replacing an older eVisa system in order to deliver on the commitment between the Australian Government and the European Commission to introduce reciprocal short stay travel arrangements for their nationals, TOSHIBA Satellite L300 CPU Fan while still maintaining the universal visa system. On 23 March 2013 the business and tourist purposes eVisitors were merged into a single application.^[18][19] The eVisitor is available to citizens of all^[20] 28 European Unionmember states and 8 other European countries that are affiliated with the Schengen Area. The eVisitor visa is issued free of charge and allows a stay of up to 3 months at a time in a 12 month period for tourism or business purposes. ASUS Eee PC 701 CPU Fan At the time of travel to, and entry into, Australia, all holders of an eVisitor must be free from tuberculosis and must not have any criminal convictions for which the sentence or sentences (whether served or not) total 12 months or more. Development of the ETA system commenced in January 1996. It was first implemented in Singapore on a trial basis on 11 September 1996, for Singapore and US passport holders travelling on Qantas and Singapore Airlines. Compaq Presario CQ60-305sa CPU Fan Implementation of online applications began in June 2001.^[17][22] The current Electronic Travel Authority (ETA) (subclass 601) came into effect on 23 March 2013 replacing older ETAs (subclass 976, 977 and 956) and offering a single authorization for both tourists and business people.^[23] The ETA allows a stay of up to 3 months at a time in a 12 month period for tourism or business purposes. HP 637607-001 CPU Fan There is no visa application charge but a service charge of AUD20 applies. At the time of travel to, and entry into, Australia, all holders of an ETA must be free from tuberculosis and must not have any criminal convictions for which the sentence or sentences (whether served or not) total 12 months or more. From 23 March 2013, a new Visitor (Subclass 600) visa has been introduced to replace the previous Tourist (Subclass 676) visa.^[27] Eligible travellers can apply for this visa online (e600 Visa).^[28] HP Pavilion dv7-3067nr CPU Fan Visa labels in passport are no longer (as of November 2012) required by the Australian authorities but can be issued at a request for an AUD70 Visa Evidence Charge fee. Citizens of New Zealand can enter Australia, live and work indefinitely if they present a valid New Zealand passport, and met the following conditions; no criminal convictions, no untreated tuberculosis and have not been deported, excluded or removed from any country. HP Pavilion dv5-1210ez CPU Fan Qualifying New Zealand citizens are issued with a Special Category Visa on arrival at any Australian port, unless they already hold another type of Australian visa. A special purpose visa is a visa given by operation of law to certain non-citizens in Australia to whom standard visa and immigration clearance arrangements do not apply. It effectively exempts certain persons from the normal processes for entry into Australia. Compaq Presario CQ50-211nr CPU Fan These include members of the Royal Family and the members of the Royal party, guests of Government, SOFA forces members including civilian component members, Asia‑Pacific forces members, Commonwealth forces members, foreign armed forces dependants, foreign naval forces members, airline positioning crew members and airline crew members, eligible transit passengers, HP G56-114SA CPU Fan persons visiting Macquarie Island, eligible children born in Australia and Indonesian traditional fishermen visiting the Territory of Ashmore and Cartier Islands. Some travellers do not need a transit visa if they depart Australia by air within 8 hours of the scheduled time of their arrival, hold confirmed onward booking and documentation necessary to enter the country of their destination and remain in the transit lounge at an airport (i.e. they do not need to personally re-check their luggage). SONY Vaio VGN-CR21Z/N CPU Fan Tourism Australia is the Government of Australia agency responsible for promoting Australia to the world as a destination for business and leisure travel. Tourism Australia’s purpose is to increase the economic benefits to Australia of tourism, supporting the industry’s Tourism 2020 strategy, which aims to grow the overnight annual expenditure generated by tourism to as much as $140 billion by 2020. HP Pavilion dv7-4060eo CPU Fan The organisation is active in around 30 key markets, including Australia, where it aims to grow demand for the destination’s tourism experiences by promoting the unique attributes which will entice people to visit. Tourism Australia’s activities include advertising, public relations and media programs, trade shows and programs for the tourism industry, consumer promotions, online communications and consumer research. Toshiba Satellite M70-252 CPU Fan The organisation caused controversy in 2006 when its advertising campaign "So where the bloody hell are you?" gained media attention following a ban in the UK. In January 2010 Tourism Australia displayed a caged kangaroo on a street in Hollywood. The kangaroo was filmed by a concerned member of the public who was reported as saying, "The kangaroo was there in a pen, like a 10 by 12 (foot) pen, straight on the concrete and it was really, really disturbing. Toshiba Satellite A100-455 CPU Fan It was just disturbing. There were kids who were really upset because this kangaroo was just rocking back and forth and back and forth and back and forth."^[1]Australian macropod expert Tim Faulkner, after viewing the video of the kangaroo, said that it was clear the animal was not acting normally, "The animal is obviously distressed, there is no question about it. The sort of stress I see here suggests that it has endured long-term problems."^[2] HP Pavilion dv5-2112br CPU Fan In 2010, Tourism Australia launched its There's nothing like Australia campaign, sourcing its stories and photographs from the Australian public through a competition with strict licensing conditions.^[3] The terms and conditions of the competition require the authors to assign all rights including moral rights to Tourism Australia and indemnify Tourism Australia against any legal action as a result them re-using the works, DELL BFB0505HA CPU Fan which the Australian Copyright Council says are extreme conditions "particularly disturbing given that Tourism Australia is a Government body". Since 2004, Australia Week has brought Australian food and wine, travel, film, arts, culture, fashion and business to a US audience. With over 15,000 participants in 2008, it was the largest annual foreign country promotion in the United States. HP Pavilion dv6-3299en CPU Fan The event is produced by the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Qantas Airways, Tourism Australia and Austrade. The ten-day promotion is held annually during the month of January in Los Angeles and New York. The objective of Australia Week is to demonstrate Australia as an innovative, high growth, sophisticated economy, with leading edge research and technology in products, goods and services. SONY Vaio VGN-NW11Z/T CPU Fan The program highlights Australia’s economic credentials as a desirable place in which to do business and invest, source goods and services. G'Day USA: Australia Week presents Australia as a modern, sophisticated society, while setting an accurate perception of Australia in the United States. Pioneered in 2004 as G’Day LA, by the Australian Consul General in Los Angeles, the Hon. Toshiba Satellite L550-20W CPU Fan John Olsen AO, G'DAY USA: Australia Week has quickly expanded to become a bi-coastal celebration with top Australian celebrities, filmmakers, chefs and politicians taking part. Australia Week is now arguably the largest single foreign country promotion held annually in the United States, showcasing all things Australian.^[2] In 2006, Olsen was reassigned to the post of Consul General in New York. It was then Olsen re-branded the event from G'DAY LA to a larger umbrella of G'DAY USA. HP Pavilion dv7-4183sf CPU Fan Since its inception, G’DAY USA: Australia Week has raised the profile of Australia, its policy perspectives and the capabilities of its key industries in the US market, particularly entertainment and culture, tourism and sport, food and beverages, energy, manufacturing and education. It has been an important instrument for promoting Australia as a destination for productive investment from the United States. HP Pavilion dv7-3190ev CPU Fan In addition, the event set a benchmark for the international promotion of Australia and Australian interests.^[3] To appeal to the New York audience of high-powered investors and research and development (R&D) executives, the Australia Week Steering Committee added Innovation and Financial Services days to the program in 2007. The Australia Week promotion has resulted in excess of $22.5 million in trade and investment across sectors as diverse as art, food, wine, fashion, tourism and business services. HP KSB06105HA CPU Fan Fashion has become a key component in the program, allowing Australian designers to gain a foothold in the highly complex US market. Since the Australia Week Fashion Showroom was instituted in 2007, several designers have recorded significant export sales to high end fashion department/specialty stores. Food and Beverage: Australia Week has vastly improved access of Australian products to the U.S. market. HP G62-244CA CPU Fan During the first week of the supermarket promotion in New York, high demand forced Citarella stores to re-order several Australian products. The 2008 Bristol Farms promotion saw Australian product lines expand from 32 item in 2007 to 46 items. Citarella’s second Australia Week promotion in 2008 featured 53 Australian product lines, an increase of 20 products from the previous year. HP Pavilion dv7-3190ei CPU Fan The 2008 Winter Fancy Food Show attracted over 16,000 buyers from food, wine, gift & department stores, supermarkets & restaurants from around the world, with 32,000 visitors and attendees. With trade outcomes from 2008 still being collected, exhibitors predict even bigger results than 2007’s 31 export deals, totaling more than $3.7 million. HP G62-244CA CPU Fan The Innovation Day has provided Australian companies visibility, new deals and partnerships with members of the American venture capital and R&D industries. Tasmanian company Autech Software & Design, producers of colour visualisation software, won the inaugural Innovation Shootout in 2007;^[4] being selected as Australia’s most innovative company by a panel of judges including the Wall Street Journal and CEO’s of some of America’s leading venture capital firms. ASUS A6000R CPU Fan The company received widespread media coverage both in Australia and overseas, including articles in the New York Post and Wall Street Journal, and the company CEO being interviewed on Chinese television. Fermiscan, the winner of the 2008 Innovation competition, also received extensive media coverage including Fox Business Network, BusinessWeek Magazine, ABC News NY and CW 11 New York. HP Pavilion dv7-6011sg CPU Fan The Innovation Day and Financial Services events focus on brokering business connections within the finance and R&D communities, exposing US executives to Australian innovators and financial services leaders. The marquee session of the Innovation Day includes the 'Innovation Shootout' whereby six Australian states compete to have their product/innovation funded and launched in the US marketplace. Toshiba Satellite L300D-01P CPU Fan Australia Week 2008 media coverage generated 445 million global audience impressions—an equivalent advertising buy of approximately $7.5 million. The Black Tie Galas in Los Angeles and New York serve as the publicity anchors of G’DAY USA: Australia Week. The dinners honor high profile individuals for significant contributions in their industries and for excellence in promoting Australia in the United States. Compaq Presario CQ60-409CA CPU Fan Previous honorees include: Cate Blanchett, Anthony LaPaglia, Mel Gibson, Nicole Kidman, Keith Urban, Olivia Newton-John, Naomi Watts, Russell Crowe, INXS, Kylie Minogue, Phillip Noyce and Colette Dinnigan.^[ In 2011, The Black Tie Gala signature event honoured Legendary Australian Singer Barry Gibb, Tennis Champion Roy Emerson and acclaimed Actress Abbie Cornish.Olivia Newton-John presented to Barry Gibb, HP Mini 110-3010sf CPU Fan Andre Agassi presented to Roy Emerson and Director Zach Snyder presented to Abbie Cornish. The evening featured Australian food prepared by celebrity chefs Curtis Stone and Wolfgang Puck. Entertainment included performances by Guy Sebastian, The Qantas Choir and a fashion show presented by Myer. Sky News, Today Show, Network Ten News, Seven Network News, Nine Network News, Australian Broadcasting Corporation TV News and Radio, Austereo Network, Toshiba Satellite L645D-S4056 CPU Fan Radio 2GB and Fairfax Radio Network (including 2UE, 6PR, 3AW), Australian Associated Press, The Australian, The Age, The Sydney Morning Herald, Who, Woman’s Day, News Limited Newspapers (including Sun Herald, The Courier-Mail, Adelaide Advertiser, The Daily Telegraph), Queensland Business Review, Ragtrader and Encore Magazine and MX. Toshiba Satellite M70-142 CPU Fan In addition to the media coverage, a partnership with BusinessWeek delivered a special supplement about Australia. More than 4.8 million readers received the supplement, including over 620,000 C-level executives. Tourism in Sydney, Australia forms an important part of the city's economy. The city received 7 million domestic visitors and 2.7 million international visitors in year ending December 2010, making it the 42nd most visited city in the world.^[1][2DELL Inspiron E1505 CPU Fan ^] The most well known attractions include the Sydney Opera House, and the Sydney Harbour Bridge. Other attractions include the Sydney Mardi Gras, Royal Botanical Gardens, Luna Park, the beaches and Sydney Tower. Port Jackson is the natural harbour of Sydney. It is known for its spectacular natural beauty, and in particular as the location of the Sydney Opera House and Sydney Harbour Bridge. HP 532613-001 CPU Fan The area around the harbour foreshore contains pockets of bushland which was once common around Sydney, containing a surprising range of native animals. The Sydney Opera House is one of the most distinctive and famous 20th century buildings, and one of the most famous performing arts venues in the world. Situated on Bennelong Point in Sydney Harbour, HP Envy 14-1080eo CPU Fan with parkland to its south and close to the equally famous Sydney Harbour Bridge, the building and its surroundings form an iconic Australian image. It was included in the Olympic Torch route in 2000 to the Olympic stadium. It was the backdrop of some events for the Sydney 2000 Olympics, including the triathlon—which began at the Opera House—and the yachting events on Sydney Harbour. ACER TravelMate 5230 CPU Fan The dramatic exteriors have not been matched with technically superior interiors, and the Opera House's reputation as a music venue has suffered as a result. The Sydney Harbour Bridge is the main crossing of Sydney Harbour carrying rail, vehicular, and pedestrian traffic between theSydney central business district (CBD) and the North Shore. Lenovo 3000 G430 CPU Fan The dramatic water vista of the bridge together with the nearbySydney Opera House is an iconic image of both Sydney and Australia. The South-east pylon for many years operated as lookout and tourist attraction, containing a number of telescopes and antiquated arcade games which operated on pennies, long after that currency had gone out of operation. The pylon has recently been renovated and returned to its tourist function. ASUS EEE PC 1215N CPU Fan Since 1998, BridgeClimb^[5] has made it possible for tourists to climb the southern half of the bridge. Tours run throughout the day, from dawn to dusk and are only cancelled for electrical storms or high wind. Night climbs are also available. Groups of climbers are provided with protective clothing appropriate to the prevailing weather conditions and are given an orientation before climbing. Dell Vostro 3750 CPU Fan During the climb, attendees are secured to the bridge by a wire lifeline. Each climb begins on the eastern side of the bridge and ascends to the top. At the summit, the group crosses to the western side of the arch for the descent. Each climb is a three-and-a-half-hour experience. The shores of Sydney Harbour are home to a number of historic batteries, bunkers and forts, many of which are now heritage listed. Toshiba Satellite L500-018 CPU Fan Some of these forts date back to 1871 and were part of Sydney Harbours defence system that was designed to withstand a seaborn attack. There are four historical fortifications located between Bradleys Head and Middle Head on the north side of the harbour; the Middle Head Fortifications, the Georges Head Battery, the Lower Georges Heights Commanding Position and a small fort located on Bradleys Head. COMPAQ Presario CQ42-116TU CPU Fan The forts were constructed from mostly large sandstone blocks and consist of many tunnels, catacombs and underground rooms. Watsons Bay sits on the end of the South Head peninsula and takes its name from the sheltered bay and anchorage on its western side, in Port Jackson. It provides some of the best views across the harbour to the city of Sydney and the Harbour Bridge. HP Pavilion dv6-2115eg CPU Fan The Gap is an ocean cliff on the eastern side with views to Manly, North Head, and the Pacific Ocean. Watsons Bay is a mostly residential area with some recreational areas and beaches, including one legal nude beach. Some restaurants, cafes and the Watsons Bay Hotel are located here, with Doyles on the Beach, one of the Sydney's most famous seafood restaurants, located on the foreshore of Watsons Bay.^[ Toshiba Satellite L645D-S4056 CPU Fan The naval base HMAS Watson is located nearby at South Head.